11/03/2024

The Periodic Table Reimagined: How Visual Tweaks Can Rekindle Curiosity

The periodic table is a structured representation of all known chemical elements, organized to reflect their properties and relationships. Typically, elements are arranged by rows (periods, which indicate the number of electron shells in the atoms) and columns (families, which group elements with similar chemical properties based on the number of electrons in their outer shell). Elements are also grouped by categories—such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases—and displayed by atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus) and atomic mass (the mass of an atom of each element). I first encountered the periodic table back in 9th grade, but Professor Sheehan’s 1976 adaptation, which considers the actual abundance of elements on Earth, sparked my interest all over again. It’s amazing how a well-designed visual—a small tweak to an established format—can reignite curiosity and convey a complex reality in a single image. The periodic table of elements scaled to show the actual abundance of the elements on Earth by Prof. Wm. F. Sheehan in 1976. Source: https://beyondeuclid.substack.com/

- Pedro

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Cracking the Code on Good Management: Lessons from Bartleby and Harvard

I must confess that articles like this one are exactly why I subscribe to The Economist! This outstanding piece by Bartleby not only provided insights on a specific topic but also introduced me to other relevant sources, including an academic paper, enabling me to explore the subject further on my own. So, what makes a good manager? According to a recent academic paper by Ben Weidmann and co-authors at the Harvard Kennedy School, the researchers delved into this subject and arrived at some surprising—or perhaps unsurprising—conclusions: 1-A competent manager can have up to twice the impact of a competent worker. 2- Those who are highly eager to manage others, often driven by self-promotion, don't necessarily make good managers. In fact, this tendency can be counterproductive. 3- Key competencies that predict managerial effectiveness include: a) Strong Economic IQ – The ability to identify patterns and match them to problems that need solving. You can assess your own skills here: https://www.skillslab.dev/assignment-game (I'll be trying it today!). b) Fluid Intelligence – The capacity to solve new problems and adapt quickly to new information. 5-Management skills should be identified, codified, and incorporated into selection processes. Otherwise, you may fall victim to one of my favorite management principles, the Peter Principle (by Dr. Laurence J. Peter). This principle suggests that individuals are promoted to their level of incompetence. For a quick overview, check out this [YouTube link on the Peter Principle]. I highly recommend reading the article, taking the test, and diving into the 34-page academic paper. Peter’s Principle Explained - https://youtu.be/39wzku9KIEM?si=N5wp4AxtfIXHdFd1 Ben Weidmann & co-authors’ paper -https://www.nber.org/papers/w32699 Chat-GPT Op-ed on the paper: Op-Ed: Finding the Right Managers – Why Skills Trump Self-Promotion In a fast-evolving labor market, effective management is often the key to success. The recently published paper "How Do You Find a Good Manager?" sheds light on what qualities make a good manager and how the selection process can make or break team productivity. Conducted through a novel experiment, the researchers discovered that managers with strong economic decision-making skills and fluid intelligence—essentially the ability to adapt and solve novel problems—deliver the best outcomes. However, the study also reveals a troubling issue: individuals who eagerly nominate themselves for managerial roles tend to perform worse than those selected at random. This finding runs counter to common workplace practices, where self-promotion often translates to leadership. The reason is clear: self-promoters frequently overestimate their abilities, particularly their social skills, leading to worse team outcomes. In contrast, managers selected based on their measurable skills rather than their self-confidence can substantially boost productivity. The study demonstrates that selecting managers for their decision-making abilities rather than letting them self-promote can improve team performance by a full standard deviation—a huge jump that businesses would be wise to leverage. This study is a call to action for organizations to reevaluate how they pick leaders. Companies often rely on personality traits or leadership ambition as selection criteria, but focusing on tangible skills like decision-making can drive much higher returns. By doing so, organizations can unlock the true potential of their teams and avoid the trap of overconfidence that so often accompanies self-promotion. Pluses (With Examples) 1-Clear Methodology for Assessing Managerial Impact: The study introduces a novel method of measuring managerial contributions through random assignment of managers to multiple teams. This approach ensures a robust analysis of how managers truly influence team performance. For instance, managers who improved team performance by one standard deviation were found to boost team output by 0.23 standard deviations, which is almost double the effect of a high-performing worker​(ssrn-4905203). This highlights the outsized impact a good manager can have. 2-Skill-Based Selection Outperforms Self-Promotion: The paper highlights the benefits of selecting managers based on specific skills, such as economic decision-making and fluid intelligence. In fact, selecting managers based on these traits improved performance by 0.7 standard deviations compared to letting individuals self-promote​(ssrn-4905203). This is a compelling argument for organizations to adopt a more merit-based approach to leadership selection. 3-Real-World Applications: The experimental design closely mimics real-world managerial tasks, like monitoring workers and reallocating tasks based on team strengths. For instance, managers who scored higher in fluid intelligence were better at reducing wasted effort and ensuring the right person was assigned to the appropriate task​(ssrn-4905203). This practical approach makes the findings directly applicable to improving workplace dynamics. Minuses (With Examples) 1-Overconfidence of Self-Promoted Managers: A major downside uncovered in the study is that individuals who self-promote into managerial roles often perform poorly due to overconfidence. For example, managers who were self-promoted led teams that performed 0.1 standard deviations lower than teams with randomly assigned managers​(ssrn-4905203). This overconfidence, particularly in their social skills, not only affects the manager’s performance but also drags down the team's efficiency. 2-Limited Focus on Organizational Dynamics: While the experiment isolates individual managerial contributions, it may not capture the full range of real-world organizational factors. For instance, companies often have hierarchical or political dynamics that influence managerial success, which were not addressed in the experimental setup. As a result, the study's findings may not entirely account for external influences that affect managerial performance outside of controlled lab conditions. 3-Bias in Skill Evaluation: Though the paper advocates for skills-based selection, there is an inherent risk of over-relying on measurable skills like decision-making or fluid intelligence. This could potentially overlook other important managerial traits like empathy or long-term strategic thinking, which were less emphasized in the study. A more holistic approach might yield better results in complex organizational environments where soft skills play a crucial role. Conclusion The study "How Do You Find a Good Manager?" offers a refreshing perspective on managerial selection by advocating for a shift away from traditional self-promotion and personality-based selection methods. The evidence clearly shows that choosing managers based on measurable skills like economic decision-making and fluid intelligence can dramatically enhance team performance. Organizations that prioritize these attributes over self-confidence or demographics stand to see significant gains in productivity and efficiency. However, the study also highlights a critical weakness in relying too heavily on self-promoted leaders, whose overconfidence—particularly in social skills—can impair team success. This underscores the need for companies to adopt more objective, skill-based criteria when selecting their managers. While the findings are robust, they may not fully capture the complexities of real-world organizational dynamics, which could further shape managerial effectiveness. In conclusion, firms looking to maximize team performance should seriously consider overhauling their manager selection processes. By focusing on hard skills and avoiding the pitfalls of self-promotion, organizations can cultivate a leadership structure that genuinely drives better outcomes. What makes a good manager? https://www.economist.com/business/2024/10/03/what-makes-a-good-manager from The Economist

- Pedro

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11/02/2024

Redefining Leadership for the 21st Century: Insights from McKinsey

McKinsey’s article on 21st-century leadership is a must-read, exploring key attributes, best practices, and how organizations can create "Leadership Factories." Here’s a brief overview of three essential topics based on the insights I found most compelling: On Personal Attributes: 1.Positive Energy, Balance, and Inspiration - Leaders must cultivate mind, body, and spirit to build authentic, inspiring connections with their teams. 2.Servant Leadership - A selfless focus on team success is crucial. 3.Continuous Learning and Humility - Leaders should embrace curiosity and learn from their mistakes. 4.Grit and Resilience - Persistence through tough times requires resilience and a degree of stoicism. 5.Levity - Encouraging humor in the workplace can be powerful. 6.Stewardship - Leaders should set a long-term vision and guide the team toward it. On Early Best Practices: 1.Engage All Stakeholders - Foster open discussions and a culture that values diverse perspectives. 2.Enroll the Team - Ensure that the team fully embodies the organization’s strategy and vision, making it more than just a statement. 3.Build an Operational Model - Develop a system that encourages speed, clear decision-making, and minimizes unnecessary bureaucracy. 4.Promote a Culture of Trust - Address any gaps in reliability, credibility, and openness. On Leadership Factories: 1.Define Essential Leadership Qualities - Identify the leadership attributes that drive success in your organization. 2.Deploy Top Talent to Complex Situations - Assign your best leaders to tackle the toughest challenges. 3.Outline a Plan to Build Leadership Capacity - Structure programs to develop and scale leadership across the organization. 4.Lead Yourself Before Leading Others - Use feedback to continually improve. This article is highly recommended for anyone interested in modern leadership. I hope you enjoy it and find as much value in it as I did! https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the-art-of-21st-century-leadership-from-succession-planning-to-building-a-leadership-factory?stcr=540C42850C47404E8F67F09D4E7CE2DE&cid=other-eml-nsl-mip-mck&hlkid=14d86603e91e46018a90e734089a0943&hctky=13017974&hdpid=7000e14a-d6df-48a7-80f4-e7c4c872d5fd

- Pedro

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Books added to the Library throughout October'24

Throughout October’24 I have added 10 books to my library. Hopefully, you can also find 1 or 2 for your own library!

The selection rules were:

  • the book had to be recommended by someone directly or by an article I have read or a podcast I have listened.

  • the book should be less than €5 (usually via Kindle -promotions- or 2nd hand) or part of the reading list of a book club that I’m a member.

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1- Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations, Ronen Bergman

“…Winner of 2018 National Jewish Book Award

Rise and Kill First is the definitive book to read on Israel's military history.

From the very beginning of its statehood in 1948, the instinct to take every measure to defend the Jewish people has been hardwired into Israel's DNA. This is the riveting inside account of the targeted assassinations that have been used countless times, on enemies large and small, sometimes in response to attacks against the Israeli people and sometimes pre-emptively.

Rise and Kill First counts their successes, failures and the moral and political price exacted on those who carried out the missions which have shaped the Israeli nation, the Middle East and the entire world. …”

2- Influence, New and Expanded: The Psychology of Persuasion, Robert B. Cialdini

“…The foundational and wildly popular go-to resource for influence and persuasion—a renowned international bestseller, with over 5 million copies sold—now revised adding: new research, new insights, new examples, and online applications.

In the new edition of this highly acclaimed bestseller, Robert Cialdini—New York Times bestselling author of Pre-Suasion and the seminal expert in the fields of influence and persuasion—explains the psychology of why people say yes and how to apply these insights ethically in business and everyday settings. Using memorable stories and relatable examples, Cialdini makes this crucially important subject surprisingly easy. With Cialdini as a guide, you don’t have to be a scientist to learn how to use this science.

You’ll learn Cialdini’s Universal Principles of Influence, including new research and new uses so you can become an even more skilled persuader—and just as importantly, you’ll learn how to defend yourself against unethical influence attempts. You may think you know these principles, but without understanding their intricacies, you may be ceding their power to someone else.[…]

Understanding and applying the principles ethically is cost-free and deceptively easy. Backed by Dr. Cialdini’s 35 years of evidence-based, peer-reviewed scientific research—including a three-year field study on what leads people to change—Influence is a comprehensive guide to using these principles to move others in your direction. …”

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3- Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, Cal Newport

“…One of the most valuable skills in our economy is becoming increasingly rare. If you master this skill, you'll achieve extraordinary results.

Deep Work is an indispensable guide to anyone seeking focused success in a distracted world.

'Cal Newport is exceptional in the realm of self-help authors' New York Times

'Deep work' is the ability to focus without distraction on a cognitively demanding task. Coined by author and professor Cal Newport on his popular blog Study Hacks, deep work will make you better at what you do, let you achieve more in less time and provide the sense of true fulfilment that comes from the mastery of a skill. In short, deep work is like a superpower in our increasingly competitive economy.

And yet most people, whether knowledge workers in noisy open-plan offices or creatives struggling to sharpen their vision, have lost the ability to go deep - spending their days instead in a frantic blur of email and social media, not even realising there's a better way.

A mix of cultural criticism and actionable advice, Deep Work takes the reader on a journey through memorable stories -- from Carl Jung building a stone tower in the woods to focus his mind, to a social media pioneer buying a round-trip business class ticket to Tokyo to write a book free from distraction in the air -- and surprising suggestions, such as the claim that most serious professionals should quit social media and that you should practice being bored.

Put simply: developing and cultivating a deep work practice is one of the best decisions you can make in an increasingly distracted world. This book will point the way. …”

4- The Creative Act: A Way of Being, Rick Rubin

“… "A gorgeous and inspiring work of art on creation, creativity, the work of the artist. It will gladden the hearts of writers and artists everywhere, and get them working again with a new sense of meaning and direction. A stunning accomplishment.” —Anne Lamott

From the legendary music producer, a master at helping people connect with the wellsprings of their creativity, comes a beautifully crafted book many years in the making that offers that same deep wisdom to all of us.

“I set out to write a book about what to do to make a great work of art. Instead, it revealed itself to be a book on how to be.” —Rick Rubin

Many famed music producers are known for a particular sound that has its day. Rick Rubin is known for something else: creating a space where artists of all different genres and traditions can home in on who they really are and what they really offer. He has made a practice of helping people transcend their self-imposed expectations in order to reconnect with a state of innocence from which the surprising becomes inevitable. Over the years, as he has thought deeply about where creativity comes from and where it doesn’t, he has learned that being an artist isn’t about your specific output, it’s about your relationship to the world. Creativity has a place in everyone’s life, and everyone can make that place larger. In fact, there are few more important responsibilities.

The Creative Act is a beautiful and generous course of study that illuminates the path of the artist as a road we all can follow. It distills the wisdom gleaned from a lifetime’s work into a luminous reading experience that puts the power to create moments—and lifetimes—of exhilaration and transcendence within closer reach for all of us. …”

5- Dancing Bears: True Stories of People Nostalgic for Life Under Tyranny, Witold Szablowski (Author), Antonia Lloyd-Jones (Translator)

“…For hundreds of years, Bulgarian Gypsies trained bears to dance, welcoming them into their families and taking them on the road to perform. In the early 2000s, with the fall of Communism, they were forced to release the bears into a wildlife refuge. But even today, whenever the bears see a human, they still get up on their hind legs to dance.

In the tradition of Ryszard Kapuściński, award-winning Polish journalist Witold Szabłowski uncovers remarkable stories of people throughout Eastern Europe and in Cuba who, like Bulgaria’s dancing bears, are now free but who seem nostalgic for the time when they were not. His on-the-ground reporting—of smuggling a car into Ukraine, hitchhiking through Kosovo as it declares independence, arguing with Stalin-adoring tour guides at the Stalin Museum, sleeping in London’s Victoria Station alongside a homeless woman from Poland, and giving taxi rides to Cubans fearing for the life of Fidel Castro—provides a fascinating portrait of social and economic upheaval and a lesson in the challenges of freedom and the seductions of authoritarian rule. …”

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6- Playing in the Dark, Toni Morrison

“…An immensely persuasive work of literary criticism that opens a new chapter in the American dialogue on race—and promises to change the way we read American literature—from the acclaimed Nobel Prize winner

Morrison shows how much the themes of freedom and individualism, manhood and innocence, depended on the existence of a black population that was manifestly unfree--and that came to serve white authors as embodiments of their own fears and desires. According to the Chicago Tribune, Morrison "reimagines and remaps the possibility of America." Her brilliant discussions of the "Africanist" presence in the fiction of Poe, Melville, Cather, and Hemingway leads to a dramatic reappraisal of the essential characteristics of our literary tradition.

Written with the artistic vision that has earned the Nobel Prize-winning author a pre-eminent place in modern letters, Playing in the Dark is an invaluable read for avid Morrison admirers as well as students, critics, and scholars of American literature. …”

7- The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism , Karen Armstrong

“… In the late twentieth century, fundamentalism has emerged as one of the most powerful forces at work in the world, contesting the dominance of modern secular values and threatening peace and harmony around the globe. Yet it remains incomprehensible to a large number of people. In The Battle for God, Karen Armstrong brilliantly and sympathetically shows us how and why fundamentalist groups came into existence and what they yearn to accomplish.

We see the West in the sixteenth century beginning to create an entirely new kind of civilization, which brought in its wake change in every aspect of life -- often painful and violent, even if liberating. Armstrong argues that one of the things that changed most was religion. People could no longer think about or experience the divine in the same way; they had to develop new forms of faith to fit their new circumstances.

Armstrong characterizes fundamentalism as one of these new ways of being religious that have emerged in every major faith tradition. Focusing on Protestant fundamentalism in the United States, Jewish fundamentalism in Israel, and Muslim fundamentalism in Egypt and Iran, she examines the ways in which these movements, while not monolithic, have each sprung from a dread of modernity -- often in response to assault (sometimes unwitting, sometimes intentional) by the mainstream society.

Armstrong sees fundamentalist groups as complex, innovative, and modern -- rather than as throwbacks to the past -- but contends that they have failed in religious terms. Maintaining that fundamentalism often exists in symbiotic relationship with an aggressive modernity, each impelling the other on to greater excess, she suggests compassion as a way to defuse what is now an intensifying conflict. …”

8- Ángeles de cuatro patas: Lecciones de un labrador chocolate llamado Api, Luis Carvajal

“…"Ángeles de cuatro patas" es una conmovedora historia sobre Api, un labrador chocolate que llegó a la vida del autor como un regalo. Este libro no es solo un relato sobre un perro; es un viaje emocional que revela cómo estos seres extraordinarios son mucho más que simples mascotas.

A través de las experiencias compartidas con Api, desde su llegada como un enérgico cachorro hasta sus últimos días como un sabio compañero canino, el autor descubre verdades universales sobre el amor, la resiliencia y el propósito de la vida. Api fue un testigo de los momentos cruciales en la vida del autor - un divorcio, un cambio de carrera, un nuevo amor, una familia - un guía del que aprender y mejorar día a día.

Con una prosa emotiva y reflexiva, casi escrita para niños, el libro explora cómo Api, a pesar de sus propios desafíos físicos, dejó lecciones sobre la fortaleza, la alegría en las pequeñas cosas, el amor y las ganas de vivir.

"Ángeles de cuatro patas" no es solo para amantes de los perros. Es un recordatorio de que a veces, los ángeles vienen a nosotros en las formas más inesperadas, con cuatro patas y un corazón lleno de amor puro.

Este libro te hará reír, llorar y, sobre todo, apreciar la profunda conexión que podemos formar con nuestros compañeros caninos. Es una celebración de la vida, el amor y el legado que dejan estos ángeles peludos en nuestras vidas incluso después de que se hayan ido.

Las ganancias de este libro serán donadas a la ANAA (Asociación Nacional de Amigos de los Animales), para ayudar a otros perros a que encuentren los dueños que necesitan y puedan así cumplir su misión vital: dar y recibir amor. ..”

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9- Damascus Station, David McCloskey

“…CIA case officer Sam Joseph is dispatched to Paris to recruit Syrian Palace official Mariam Haddad. The two fall into a forbidden relationship, which supercharges Haddad's recruitment and creates unspeakable danger when they enter Damascus to find the man responsible for the disappearance of an American spy.

But the cat and mouse chase for the killer soon leads to a trail of high-profile assassinations and the discovery of a dark secret at the heart of the Syrian regime, bringing the pair under the all-seeing eyes of Assad's spy catcher, Ali Hassan, and his brother Rustum, the head of the feared Republican Guard. Set against the backdrop of a Syria pulsing with fear and rebellion, Damascus Station is a gripping thriller that offers a textured portrayal of espionage, love, loyalty, and betrayal in one of the most difficult CIA assignments on the planet. …”

10- Some People Need Killing: A Memoir of Murder in My Country, Patricia Evangelista

“…For six years, journalist Patricia Evangelista documented killings carried out by police and vigilantes in the name of then president Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs—a crusade that led to the slaughter of thousands—immersing herself in the world of killers and survivors and capturing the atmosphere of terror created when an elected president decides that some lives are worth less than others.

The book takes its title from the words of a vigilante, which demonstrated the psychological accommodation many across the country had made: “I’m really not a bad guy,” he said. “I’m not all bad. Some people need killing.”

A profound act of witness and a tour de force of literary journalism, Some People Need Killing is a brilliant dissection of the grammar of violence and an investigation into the human impulses to dominate and resist. …”


Happy readings!



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11/01/2024

A Hidden Gem: Discovering Google Arts & Culture

I just stumbled upon the Google app Google Arts & Culture, and it was such a wonderful surprise! I'm definitely planning to spend more time exploring it—it truly seems worthwhile. Hope you enjoy it too! https://artsandculture.google.com/

- Pedro

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The Breath of Earth: An Oxygen Odyssey - One Strange Rock Episode #1

One Strange Rock, a must-watch series from National Geographic, offers 10 engaging, entertaining, and insightful episodes. Through these, I learned so much about the wonders of Earth that I hadn’t known before. Here's a breakdown of what I discovered or got a quick refresher on in this episode: Earth is unique in many ways. It’s the "1 in a million" planet, the only one we know of that's rich in oxygen, which makes up 20.95% of our atmosphere—a percentage that has remained incredibly stable over time. Oxygen is essential for generating the energy that sustains life. So, how is oxygen produced? Through an incredible cycle: a) It begins in Africa, in salt deserts. b) From here, massive dust storms carry this desert dust across the Atlantic to South America—a phenomenon observable from space. c) Every year, 27 million tons of African dust reach the Amazon basin, delivering perfect nutrients for plants and trees thanks to the salts and minerals it carries. d) The trees and plants, as we learned in school, transform carbon dioxide into oxygen. e) Each tree produces enough oxygen to support two people. f) However, all the oxygen produced in the Amazon basin is consumed within the basin itself. g) The Amazon rainforest, in turn, creates a "river in the sky," where evaporating water forms massive clouds. h) This sky river meets the Andes Mountains, where it condenses into rain, flows back into the Amazon, erodes the rocks, and transports the generated nutrient-rich sediments to the ocean. i) In the ocean, diatoms—tiny organisms and unsung heroes—absorb these nutrients, photosynthesizing and producing oxygen. In fact, diatoms are responsible for generating around 50% of the atmospheric oxygen. j) Diatoms thrive wherever there's water. k) When they die, diatoms settle on the ocean floor, forming a salty layer. l) Eventually, this layer forms new salt deserts, as mentioned in point a. m) And so, the oxygen cycle continues. This cycle is nothing short of astonishing—it shows how everything is interconnected and also how fragile these connections may be. All of this covered in just 50 minutes! https://youtu.be/XrC4vDcWmxk?si=GZluN5Z_9CpsUDcZ

- Pedro

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Forecasting the Future: Understanding and Adapting to The Economist’s Election Model

The Economist’s presidential election prediction model currently suggests that each candidate has a 50% chance of winning. According to their simulations, if the election were held today, Trump would win 51 out of 100 times based on their Monte Carlo simulation. Regardless of political preference, here are some key points to consider: Anticipate a Very Close Race: With such tight margins, be prepared for widespread misinformation and disinformation in the aftermath, especially from the losing side. Fraud Allegations Will Arise Quickly: Claims of fraud or election manipulation may surface almost immediately. Heightened National Tensions: A nation split so evenly will likely experience significant tension and conflict across communities. Institutional Resilience is Essential: There will be substantial turbulence post-election, and institutions must be prepared for this strain. Whether you’re an individual, company, government, or region, it’s wise to consider scenarios for each potential president based on their policy promises and projected impact on your interests, both in the U.S. and abroad. Personally, I’m especially interested in understanding how The Economist built this model. Exploring the “How it works” section and the methodology details could provide valuable insights for applying similar modeling techniques to my own work. You can check it out here: https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president/how-this-works/. Our presidential election prediction shows the race is a dead heat https://www.economist.com/interactive/us-2024-election/prediction-model/president from The Economist

- Pedro

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